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Advantages and Disadvantages of Stem Cell
Advantages Of Cord Blood Treatment
Every year we witness the introduction of new drugs and medical technologies which improve the health and lives of individuals around the world - and for these we are truly thankful. Yet there remain a number of devastating diseases and illnesses including diabetes, retinal degeneration and Parkinson’s which continue to challenge medical scientists and the well-being of people everywhere.
Finding treatments, or better still preventions, for these, and other enduring human illnesses will require nothing short of a medical miracle. Stem cells have the potential to create that miracle. They can replace or repair any damaged tissue, they have the potential to tackle degenerative diseases, from Alzheimer’s to cancer, from diabetes to heart disease, to leukaemia and sight loss.
As with all medical practices our ability to contemplate the possibilities offered by stem-cell based therapies is not mere speculation, it is the result of many years of research, and the reality that stem cell techniques are already being applied in a number of cases to the greatest effect.
Take cirrhosis as an example, one of the biggest killers in the United Kingdom. Previously, the only treatment available for those with irreversible liver failure was transplantation, which brings the agonising wait for a donor and the real potential for rejection and infection. Now, scientists from London’s Imperial College have raised hopes for the future by repairing patients’ livers using bone marrow adult stem cells collected from their own blood.
In fact, adult stem cells are currently being used to treat over one hundred different ailments and their potential benefits and applications continue to be explored at dramatic pace. Just next year a team of surgeons from University College London will attempt to repair severed nerves in patient’s arms with stem cells taken from their noses. Tried and tested in animal studies it is hoped that this technique may pave the way towards a cure for more serious spinal injuries, including paralysis.
To date, adult stem cell research has yielded a greater number of clinical trials and applied treatments than embryonic research. In part because adult stem cells have proved easier to manipulate in the laboratory but also because the stigma associated with embryonic research has deterred investors. However, embryonic stem cells have properties which adult stem cells do not and it is critically important that we pursue both research avenues in parallel if we are to benefit fully from the potential which stem cells hold.
We must be aware however that the prospects in this field are exciting but uncertain. Scientific breakthroughs might be unexpectedly fast or frustratingly elusive. For many supporters, this sense of discovery at the cutting edge of human science is the greatest incentive to become involved. For many others it will be the personal experience or tragedy of witnessing a degenerative condition that could be made a thing of medical history.
Cord blood collection is effortless and free from risks. The National Cord Blood Program staff at the New York Blood Center performs cord blood collection from the expelled placenta. This process does not, in any way, intervene with the care of either the newborn baby or the mother. Therefore, there is no health risk to both of them.
It is ready-to-use, as it is stored frozen after collecting and testing it. In case a match a found, the unit can be reserved at once.It does not need a perfect match. This is the biggest advantage. Cord blood can be transplanted even if there is only a partial match between donor and recipient.
The recipient is at fewer risks of complications by cord blood transplant. The immune cells present in cord blood are less likely to attack the tissue of patient (graft vs. host disease) as compared to bone marrow transplant. Also, cord blood is less likely to spread certain viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is a deadly infection that strikes transplant recipients. Nearly half of the adult population of America is the carrier of CMV in the form of latent virus. Besides this, less than 1 percent of babies are born with CMV.
Disadvantages Of Cord Blood Treatment
The volume of cord blood collection is relatively small. Hence, the quantity of stem cells for transplantation is less than that in peripheral blood or bone marrow. This problem is greater for adults and adolescents, as they need comparatively more quantity of stem cells for transplant.
Cord blood transplantation exposes the patient to one of the rare genetic disorders of the immune system or blood. This disorder is not detectable while testing the cord blood sample, as it remains invisible in the child for many years. However, the chance of getting this disorder is less than 1 in 10,000.
The donor cord blood stem cells come from newborn baby that is unavailable for extra cord blood donation. Therefore, if the first cord blood unit fails, the second unit will have to be obtained from a different donor.
Just as every coin has two sides, so does umbilical stem cell cord blood. But, it promises to provide the solution to many critical medical conditions. However, it may take a decade or two before there is a definite cure to deadly diseases. Nevertheless, the researchers are busy researching on stem cells in the hope to make it a powerful medical tool in the coming years.
Cord blood banking is gaining prominence day by day. However, before we consider cord blood collection and cord blood transplant, we should be aware of the benefits of this process for the recipient.
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